Thursday, February 23, 2023

Supporting the poor to rebuild

Türkiye earthquake. People in poorer areas suffered 3.5 times more damage than their richer neighbors[i]. Hence, their housing recovery takes longer, and many are expected to be poorly built or even left homeless. Government and aid agencies have to reduce this potential negative impact otherwise poverty and the social problem will get worse in the future.

Let the Türkiye government work on developing strategies and policies for a wide aspect of recovery not only housing and infrastructures. Hopefully, it will not stop only detaining building contractors for their alleged responsibility in the construction of buildings that failed to withstand the earthquakes. The problem has gone more than two decades. During the construction boom, the government failed to enforce the building code.[ii] It was a serious violation of the building’s safety. For instance, up to 75,000 buildings across the affected earthquake zone in southern Turkey have been given construction amnesties.[iii] The amnesty suspectedly was not based on engineering calculation and the practice was vulnerable to corruption. Hence, the government should reform the practice of construction work to ensure all regulations and building code are enforced. Then people might expect the regulations will apply to anyone no matter their socioeconomic status.

Then what will be the contribution of aid organizations and social societies to the rebuilding initiatives?  Actually, there is various assistance that can be contributed, but at least there are two that can be offered to fill the gap. The gap is between the capacity of poor people to self-recover and the ability of the government to provide assistance.

First, support to balance supply and demand. At the peak of massive reconstruction, there will be a huge demand for construction materials, skilled builders, engineers, and various service providers. Inflation is inevitable, then at some point, only wealthy people can continue to rebuild. This should be anticipated as earliest as possible. Technical experts from aid organizations can suggest new approaches to construction from seismic retrofitting to new construction with various building materials. Depending on only a few methods and particular construction materials will create inflation. Construction training for homeowners, and local builders and developing the capacity of engineers are essential. Everyone related to rebuilding including the homeowner needs to be aware of building code and construction norms. Everyone must respect the law of how nature works. Earthquakes can still be a hazard and not turn into disasters if the infrastructure can absorb its forces.

Lastly, the provision of top-up assistance to the most vulnerable. The government might provide support to earthquake-affected people. But due to their socioeconomic condition, the poor and vulnerable people might find assistance does not be sufficient. Hence, identifying those who are vulnerable should be carried out very soon. These people should be prepared when the nationwide rebuilding starts. This specific additional support should also be agreed upon and supported by their neighbors and community leaders to reduce jealousy. The support might be the provision of additional funding, provision of construction materials, and builders, and oversight on the construction process.

These initiatives basically are to bring the poor and the vulnerable people to the same level as their neighbors. If the government enforces the code that must everyone follow, then we can expect everyone to have sufficient capacity to abide by the law. Then the build back safer can be achieved.

Arwin Soelaksono

Photo: The Journal[iv]

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